Marktschellenberg was originally mentioned as an old Celtic area for grazing cattle, but a settlement was first documented as early as the 12th century as "Schellenperch".
The discovery of salt in the area was the reason for settlers first coming here and in 1334 the village was given its market rights.
Also valuable here was the marble, which was mined in the Untersberg Mountain from 1683. The narble mill is still in operation today and is one of the oldest in Germany.
The Parish church of St. Nikolaus was built in 1870 in new-Gothic style on the site of an old 12th century chapel. The Schellenberger watch tower ruins date back to the year 1252, but were partly broken up when the road was laid in 1884.